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Curcumin
Curcumin has been shown to modulate the NLRP3
inflammasome, and a preprint suggests that curcumin can
5
target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease to reduce viral
replication. 18

Intervention Curcumin
Suggested dose 500–1,000 mg po bid (of absorption-enhanced curcumin)
Mechanism(s) of action against Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
non-COVID-19 viruses • Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation 5,19-21
Outcomes data supporting their No data available
mitigating effects on illness from
other viral strains
Strength of evidence Conditional
Risk of harm 22-27 Mimimal

Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M ) to reduce
pro 7
Green tea, in addition to modulating the NLRP3 viral replication, has also been shown to prevent influenza
inflammasome and, based on a preprint, potentially in healthcare workers. 28

Intervention Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Suggested dose 4 cups daily or 225 mg po qd
Mechanism(s) of action against Favorably modulate viral-induced pathological cellular processes:
non-COVID-19 viruses • Modulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation 5,28,29
Outcomes data supporting their No data available
mitigating effects on illness from
other viral strains
Strength of evidence Conditional
Risk of harm 30-35 Significant (rare)—Hepatotoxicity

N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) clinical study enrolling 262 primarily elderly subjects,
N-Acetylcysteine promotes glutathione production, those receiving 600 mg NAC twice daily, as opposed to
which has been shown to be protective in rodents infected those receiving placebo, experienced significantly fewer
with influenza. In a little-noticed six-month controlled influenza-like episodes and days of bed confinement. 36

Intervention N-Acetylcysteine (NAC)
Suggested dose 600-900 mg po bid
Mechanism(s) of action against Favorably modulate cellular defense and repair mechanisms:
non-COVID-19 viruses 36 • Repletion of glutathione and cysteine
Outcomes data supporting their Reduce progression from colonization to illness
mitigating effects on illness from Reduce the severity and duration of acute symptoms
other viral strains
Strength of evidence Limited
Risk of harm 37-41 Mimimal

36 Integrative Medicine • Vol. 19, No. S1 • Epub Ahead of Print Evans—Virus-Specific Nutraceutical and Botanical Agents